Llama (Large Language Model Meta AI) is Meta's family of open-source large language models that have become foundational to the modern AI ecosystem. First released in February 2023, Llama has gone through multiple major versions — Llama 2 (July 2023), Llama 3 (April 2024), and Llama 4 (released in 2025) — each bringing significant improvements in capability, efficiency, and accessibility. Unlike proprietary models from OpenAI and Google, Llama models are released with open weights under a custom commercial license, allowing developers, researchers, and businesses to download, fine-tune, and deploy the models on their own infrastructure. This openness has made Llama the backbone of countless AI applications, from chatbots and coding assistants to enterprise search and document analysis systems. Llama models come in multiple sizes — typically 8B, 70B, and 405B parameters — allowing users to choose between speed and capability based on their hardware constraints. The 8B model can run on consumer GPUs and even quantized on modern laptops, while the 405B model competes with GPT-4 and Claude 3.5 on complex reasoning tasks. Llama 4 introduced native multimodality, supporting image understanding alongside text, and significantly improved context windows up to 128K tokens. Meta has invested heavily in Llama's ecosystem, providing official inference code, quantization tools (via llama.cpp), fine-tuning frameworks, and integration with major platforms like Hugging Face, PyTorch, and vLLM. The models support multiple languages and have been fine-tuned for instruction following, coding, and reasoning. Llama's impact extends beyond direct usage — it has enabled a thriving ecosystem of fine-tuned variants (like Alpaca, Vicuna, and Code Llama) and has been instrumental in advancing open-source AI research. Organizations from startups to Fortune 500 companies use Llama for custom AI solutions, benefiting from data privacy (running on-premises), cost control (no per-token API fees), and full customization. Llama is available for free download from Meta's website and Hugging Face, with commercial use requiring acceptance of the Llama Community License.
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Perplexity AI is an AI-powered answer engine that combines large language models with real-time web search. It provides cited, sourced answers to questions with inline references. Researchers and professionals use it for deep research queries where accuracy and source verification matter.